Industrial Control Academy
Learn Industrial Automation. Build Real-World PLC & Control Skills.
Practical tutorials on PLC programming, instrumentation, control systems, SCADA, electrical control, and industrial automation — explained for engineers and technicians.
PLC • Instrumentation • SCADA • DCS • Control Systems • Industrial Automation
kW to Amps Calculator (Single Phase & 3 Phase)
To convert kW to amps, multiply kW by 1,000 and divide by the voltage and power factor. For three-phase, also divide by √3 (1.732). Use the kW to...
Buck Boost Transformer Wiring Diagram & Sizing | 208 to 240V
A buck boost transformer can raise 208V to around 236V, or reduce 240V closer to 208V when wired...
How to Size Motor Overload Relays: NEC 430.32 Guide
An overload relay is a protective device that opens the motor starter circuit when motor current remains too...
XIC and XIO Instructions in PLC Ladder Logic
PLC Tutorials
Electrical Drawing: Types, Symbols, Abbreviations, and How to Read Them Easily
Electrical Tutorials
SPST vs SPDT vs DPST vs DPDT Relays: Which Contact Type Do You Actually Need?
Electrical Tutorials
What Is a Relay? Plain-English Guide for Electricians & Techs
Electrical TutorialsLatest Engineering Guides
How to Wire a VFD to a 3-Phase Motor: Complete Step-by-Step Guide
Incoming power Cables lands on the VFD’s input terminals, R/S/T or L1/L2/L3. The motor connects to...
PLC Counter Instruction: CTU, CTD, and CTUD with Real Examples
A PLC counter instruction counts events. A sensor detects a part on a conveyor, the counter...
PLC Timer Instructions: TON, TOF, RTO With Examples
The PLC timer instructions measures elapsed time inside the PLC program. These timer are used in...
PLC Communication Errors: Causes, Fault Codes & Fixes
PLC communication faults rarely have one obvious cause. A device can be offline because of a...
Ladder Logic Programming for Beginners
When you open the PLC programming environment for the first time, The programming, ladder logic can...
Reactive Power: How to Calculate It and How to Fix It
I walked into a beverage plant last year where the maintenance manager was annoyed about a...
AI Integration in PLC Systems: Practical Guide
A PLC handles known failure conditions extremely well. The motor trips, the sensor fails, or the...
Modbus RTU vs Modbus TCP: Wiring, Registers, and Troubleshooting
A packaging plant needs to connect a PLC with 2 x HMIs, 6 x VFDs, and...
Allen Bradley PLC Controller: Selection to Commissioning
Moving into almost any North American plant and you will find Allen Bradley hardware in the...
AFCI vs GFCI Protection: What’s the Difference?
A GFCI is looking for current escaping to ground, the kind of fault that can shock...
Watts to VA Calculator | Convert Watts to Volt-Amps
Watts and VA measure different things. Watts measure real power that does actual work. VA measures...
Voltage Drop Calculator: NEC & IEC Wire Size Tool (Free)
Voltage Drop Calculator Circuit Phase 3-Phase1-Phase / DC Supply Voltage (V) Load Current (Amps) One-Way Distance...